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Updated: May 20, 2025
Evaluating Postural Control and Lower-extremity Muscle Activation in Individuals with Chronic Ankle Instability
Published on: September 18, 2020
Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool
Elif Aleyna Yazgan1, Dilber Karagözoğlu Coşkunsu2, Arzu Razak Özdinçler2
1Graduate Education Institute, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Biruni University, İstanbul, Turkey.
Context:
To cross-cultural translate the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT) to Turkish version (CAIT-T) and to evaluate the validity, reliability, and cutoff score of CAIT-T for Turkish athletic population.
Design:
The English version of CAIT was translated to CAIT-T based on a guideline of cross-cultural adaptation. Fifty-two athletes with chronic ankle instability and 63 athletes without chronic ankle instability were included in the study. Construct validity was evaluated with correlations between the CAIT-T, Turkish version of Foot Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM-T), and Numeric Rating Scale. CAIT-T was completed twice by each participant at 7 to 10 days intervals to assess test-retest reliability based on the intraclass correlation coefficient, whereas Cronbach alpha evaluated internal consistency. Discriminative validity and content validity of the CAIT-T also evaluated.
Results:
In construct validity, strong positive correlation was found between CAIT-T and Numeric Rating Scale perceived ankle instability (rho = -.771, P < .001), as well as moderate negative correlations with FAAM-T-activities of daily living and FAAM-T-sports (rho = -.448, P < .001 and rho = -0.541, P < .001, respectively). The CAIT-T demonstrated strong test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient score of .98) with a good internal consistency (Cronbach α: .85). Receiver operating characteristic curve showed a cutoff score of 26.5 (Youden index: 0.78, sensitivity: 0.57, specificity: 0.90.5). No ceiling or floor effects were observed.
Conclusions:
CAIT-T is a valid and reliable questionnaire for the assessment of chronic ankle instability in the Turkish athletic population.
