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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
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Confidence and Insight into Working Memory Are Shaped by Attention and Recent Performance.

Sammi R Chekroud1, Anna C Nobre1,2, Nils Kolling1,3

  • 1University of Oxford.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Selective attention to working memory contents enhances confidence judgments and memory performance. Participants can update their confidence based on feedback, demonstrating working memory flexibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Working memory is limited in capacity, affecting information access.
  • Selective attention and introspective judgments influence memory performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate if attention to working memory contents alters introspective judgments.
  • Examine the relationship between attention, memory performance, and confidence.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments used retrospective cues (retrocues) to direct attention during working memory maintenance.
  • Trial-wise feedback on performance was provided in the second experiment.

Main Results:

  • Selective attention improved both confidence judgments and memory performance.
  • Alpha desynchronization correlated with memory error and confidence, indicating sequential processing.
  • Participants updated confidence judgments based on performance feedback.

Conclusions:

  • Working memory is flexible, allowing confidence modulation via attention or feedback.
  • Internally directed attention can enhance both memory content and introspective insight.