Obstructive Jaundice Induced by Hilar Mucinous Cystic Neoplasm of the Liver: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review

Mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver (MCN-L) is a rare benign tumor accounting for less than 5% of all liver cysts, with MCN-L in the hilar region being exceptionally uncommon and often misdiagnosed due to its complex presentation. A 48-year-old woman presented with obstructive jaundice following initial laparoscopic drainage of hepatic cysts, where pathology initially indicated benign cystic lesions. Months later, imaging revealed an enlarged cystic lesion in the left liver lobe with intrahepatic bile duct dilation. Further evaluations, including ultrasound, enhanced CT, and MRI, confirmed a large cystic lesion compressing the intrahepatic bile ducts. After a multidisciplinary discussion, hepatic cyst puncture and drainage were performed, temporarily alleviating jaundice. However, she returned with yellowish-brown drainage fluid and worsening jaundice, prompting cyst wall resection. Postoperative pathology confirmed MCN-L. Three months later, jaundice subsided, and a hepatic resection of segment 4 was performed, with pathology confirming low-grade MCN-L. At a 12-month follow-up, the patient showed no abnormalities. This case highlights the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of MCN-L in the hilar region, as it can easily be mistaken for other liver cystic lesions on imaging. Pathologic examination is essential for definitive diagnosis, and early radical surgical resection is critical to improve prognosis and reduce the risk of malignancy and recurrence.