Biosensor Technologies for Water Quality: Detection of Emerging Contaminants and Pathogens

Area of Science:

• Environmental Science
• Analytical Chemistry
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Biosensors offer versatile applications in medicine, food safety, and environmental monitoring.
• Detection of emerging contaminants (ECs) and pathogens in water is a significant challenge.
• Traditional methods often lack the sensitivity, selectivity, or speed required for real-time monitoring.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the development, technological foundations, and applications of biosensors.
• To focus on biosensor applications in detecting water contaminants and pathogens.
• To highlight innovations enabling enhanced performance in environmental monitoring.

Main Methods:

• Classification of biosensors based on bioreceptor and transducer types.
• Examination of advanced fabrication techniques: SELEX, MIPs, and SAMs.
• Analysis of microfluidic system integration for improved biosensor performance.

Main Results:

• Biosensors are engineered for high sensitivity and selectivity in detecting ECs and pathogens.
• Advanced techniques like SELEX, MIPs, and SAMs significantly improve sensor capabilities.
• Microfluidic integration leads to faster detection speeds and enhanced overall performance.

Conclusions:

• Biosensors are pivotal tools for safeguarding public health through effective water quality assessment.
• Technological advancements are crucial for addressing emerging environmental and health threats.
• Continued innovation in biosensor technology is essential for environmental integrity and public safety.