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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Heart01:27

Development of the Heart

738
The development of the human heart, a crucial organ, commences from the mesoderm on the 18th or 19th day after fertilization. This process initiates in the cardiogenic area, a group of mesodermal cells at the embryo's head end, which evolves into elongated strands known as cardiogenic cords. These cords undergo a transformation to form hollow-centered endocardial tubes.
As the embryo undergoes lateral folding, these paired tubes approach each other, merging into a single primitive heart...
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

104.1K
The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
104.1K
Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

3.4K
The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
3.4K
Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

1.4K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
1.4K
Heart Valves01:16

Heart Valves

4.0K
The human heart is a complex organ with an intricate system of valves that regulate blood flow. There are two main types of valves: atrioventricular (AV) valves and semilunar valves.
The AV valves prevent the backflow of blood from the ventricles to the atria during ventricular contraction. These valves function with the assistance of the chordae tendineae and papillary muscles. When the ventricles are relaxed, the chordae tendineae are slack, allowing blood to flow from the atria into the...
4.0K
Structure of Cardiac Muscles01:13

Structure of Cardiac Muscles

7.9K
Cardiac muscle, or myocardium, is a specialized type of muscle found exclusively in the heart. Its unique structural and functional characteristics enable the heart to perform its vital role of pumping blood throughout the body continuously and rhythmically. The cardiac muscle cells, or cardiomyocytes, possess an endomysium and perimysium but do not have an epimysium.
Compared to skeletal muscles, cardiac muscle cells are small and mostly have a single nucleus. Additionally, they are usually...
7.9K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

En Face Endocardial Cushion Preparation for Planar Morphogenesis Analysis in Mouse Embryos
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En Face Endocardial Cushion Preparation for Planar Morphogenesis Analysis in Mouse Embryos

Published on: July 27, 2022

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Developmental and Evolutionary Heart Adaptations Through Structure-Function Relationships.

Makena Phillips1, Marina Nimmo1, Sandra Rugonyi1

  • 1Biomedical Engineering Department, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease
|March 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The adaptable heart changes structure to maintain function in health and disease. Studying these adaptations in development and evolution can aid cardiac repair and prevent malformations.

Keywords:
cardiac adaptationcongenital heart diseaseenvironmental effectshemodynamicsmechanotransduction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Comparative Physiology

Background:

  • The heart's structure is adaptable, crucial for maintaining function during healthy and diseased states.
  • Understanding cardiac adaptations is key to addressing congenital heart defects and promoting regeneration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review structure-function relationships in the heart across species and during embryonic development.
  • To summarize research on avian models investigating heart formation mechanisms.
  • To highlight similarities in cardiac adaptations across developmental and evolutionary scales.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cardiac structure-function relationships.
  • Analysis of studies focusing on avian heart development.
  • Comparative analysis of cardiac adaptations in different species and developmental stages.

Main Results:

  • Identified conserved principles of structure-function relationships in the heart.
  • Highlighted the interplay of biophysical and biological factors in avian heart formation.
  • Underscored similarities between developmental, evolutionary, and adaptive cardiac changes.

Conclusions:

  • Cardiac adaptations share common mechanisms across development and evolution.
  • Understanding these mechanisms can inform strategies for preventing cardiac malformations.
  • Insights gained can contribute to advancing cardiac regeneration therapies.