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Optimizing Clinical Management of COVID-19: A Predictive Model for Unvaccinated Patients Admitted to ICU
Ahmed Farhan1, Khouloud Ayed1, Sara Zayati1
1Laboratory of Genetics, Immunology, and Human Pathologies, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University Tunis El Manar, Tunis 2092, Tunisia.
Abstract:
This study investigates the impact of immunological and clinical factors on COVID-19 outcomes among unvaccinated individuals. A cohort of 42 unvaccinated patients admitted to an intensive care unit was analyzed, focusing on age, comorbidities, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody levels (IgG) to assess their influence on hospital stay duration, recovery time, complications, and mortality rates. The findings revealed that advanced age, cardiovascular disease, and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly heightened the risks of severe complications and mortality. Conversely, low IgG levels correlated with prolonged hospital stays and slower recovery. Multivariate analysis identified high IL-6 and TNF-α levels as strong predictors of adverse outcomes. This research emphasizes the need for the early monitoring of cytokines and targeted management strategies to mitigate the impact of COVID-19, especially among high-risk unvaccinated populations.
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