Bioactives derived from egg by-products: Preparation, health benefits, and high-value-added applications

Eggs are widely known for their rich nutritional profile, resulting in the production of numerous egg by-products. Recycling of egg by-products has become a key for achieving sustainable development. This work reviews recent advances on preparation of bioactives derived from egg by-products and their health benefits from the perspective of by-product valorization. Meanwhile, the potential for high-value-added applications of egg by-products is discussed. Egg by-products contain bioactives (proteins, minerals, glycosaminoglycans, and bioactive peptides) with various health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, metal ion-chelating, and protective activity against metabolic syndrome, but mechanisms behind these phenomena are still unclear. Therefore, combination of multiple models and multiple omics to reveal functional mechanisms of the bioactives is imperative, and further clinical trials are necessary to evaluate their bioaccessibility. Additionally, research on the product formulation based on egg by-products or their derived bioactives could expand the valorization of the by-products and contribute to global sustainable development.