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Updated: May 5, 2026

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Published on: July 1, 2012
Hyperkalemia in liver transplantation
William Chang1, Ming-Ray Xu2, Alexander George1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1211 21(st) Avenue South, Nashville, TN 37212, United States of America.
Abstract:
Hyperkalemia commonly occurs in patients undergoing liver transplantation. The intraoperative course of liver transplant often involves hemodynamic and metabolic derangements leading up to liver reperfusion. Potassium levels can rise to dangerous levels immediately after reperfusion. The consequences of intraoperative hyperkalemia include risk of malignant arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. This review explores the numerous causes of hyperkalemia, including contributing surgical and anesthetic factors. The authors also discuss various treatment options and surgical techniques to manage perioperative hyperkalemia. It is important for anesthesiologists to understand the implications and management of hyperkalemia to optimize patients and reduce the risk of an intraoperative cardiac arrest.
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