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Cyborg organoids integrated with stretchable nanoelectronics can be functionally mapped during development.

Zuwan Lin^1,2, Wenbo Wang^1,2, Ren Liu¹

¹John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.

Nature Protocols

|March 27, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

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Cyborg organoid technology integrates flexible nanoelectronics with 3D organoids for long-term, single-cell monitoring of organ development and function. This breakthrough enables detailed tissue-wide functional mapping, advancing organoid research and applications.

Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Bioengineering
Materials Science

Background:

Organoids are advanced in vitro models for studying organ development, disease, and drug responses.
Current monitoring methods lack the resolution and duration for comprehensive 3D organoid analysis.
Continuous, long-term monitoring at single-cell resolution is crucial for understanding complex organoid dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel technology for continuous, long-term, single-cell resolution monitoring of organoid activity.
To integrate stretchable mesh nanoelectronics into 3D organoids for functional mapping.
To overcome limitations of existing techniques in recording duration, spatial coverage, and tissue contact.

Main Methods:

Fabrication and characterization of stretchable mesh nanoelectronics with tissue-like properties.

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Last Updated: May 20, 2025

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Published on: October 20, 2018

Bioprinting Cellularized Constructs Using a Tissue-specific Hydrogel Bioink

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Published on: April 21, 2016

Combining Human Organoids and Organ-on-a-Chip Technology to Model Intestinal Region-Specific Functionality

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Published on: May 5, 2022

Integration of nanoelectronics into 3D organoids via a 2D-to-3D reconfiguration process during organogenesis.

Acquisition of long-term functional organoid activity using multimodal data analysis.

Main Results:

Demonstrated seamless integration of nanoelectronics into organoids, maintaining tissue properties.
Enabled longitudinal, tissue-wide, single-cell functional mapping of organoids.
Overcame limitations in recording duration, spatial coverage, and stable tissue contact.

Conclusions:

Cyborg organoid technology offers a transformative tool for organoid research and development.
This technology enhances in vitro disease modeling, drug screening, and personalized medicine.
The protocol requires multidisciplinary expertise in stem cell biology, tissue engineering, nanoelectronics, electrophysiology, and data science.