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Related Concept Videos

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:37

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
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Phosphorylation01:02

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The addition or removal of phosphate groups from proteins is the most common chemical modification that regulates cellular processes. These modifications can affect the structure, activity, stability, and localization of proteins within cells as well as their interactions with other proteins.
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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Laser Microirradiation to Study In Vivo Cellular Responses to Simple and Complex DNA Damage
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Histone Phosphorylation in DNA Damage Response.

Ping Gong1, Zhaohui Guo1, Shengping Wang1

  • 1Hunan Institute of Microbiology, Changsha 410009, China.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histone phosphorylation is vital for the DNA damage response (DDR), ensuring genomic stability and preventing diseases like cancer. Understanding these modifications offers new therapeutic targets for genomic instability.

Keywords:
DNA damage responseDNA repairhistone phosphorylationkinaseγH2AX

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The DNA damage response (DDR) is essential for maintaining genomic stability.
  • Genomic instability is linked to various diseases, notably cancer.
  • Histone modifications, particularly phosphorylation, are implicated in DDR pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of histone phosphorylation in the DNA damage response.
  • To highlight the importance of precise histone phosphorylation regulation for genomic integrity.
  • To explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting histone phosphorylation in DDR-compromised diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on DNA damage response mechanisms.
  • Analysis of the role of histone modifications in cellular signaling.
  • Investigation of the connection between histone phosphorylation and DNA repair pathways.

Main Results:

  • Histone phosphorylation is a key regulator of DNA damage sensing and signal transduction.
  • These modifications facilitate the recruitment of DNA repair factors and chromatin remodeling.
  • Proper regulation of histone phosphorylation is critical for cell cycle control during DNA repair.

Conclusions:

  • Histone phosphorylation is a critical component of the DNA damage response.
  • Dysregulation of histone phosphorylation contributes to genomic instability and diseases like cancer.
  • Targeting histone phosphorylation in the DDR presents a promising therapeutic avenue for cancer treatment.