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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
The expression of some genes depends on which parent passed the gene to the offspring, through a phenomenon known as...
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Decoding the Epigenome of Breast Cancer.

Elisa Cortellesi1, Isabella Savini1, Matteo Veneziano1

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation and histone changes significantly influence breast cancer (BC) development and progression. Combining epigenetic drugs with other treatments may improve patient outcomes and personalized therapy.

Keywords:
DNA methylationbreast cancerepi-drugsepigeneticshistone modifier enzymesnon-coding RNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous malignancy in women.
  • Epigenetic alterations are key drivers of BC initiation, progression, and prognosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of epigenetic modifications in breast cancer.
  • To explore the clinical implications of epigenetic alterations and therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on epigenetics in breast cancer.
  • Analysis of DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNA roles.
  • Evaluation of current and potential epigenetic therapies.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic changes (DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs) regulate gene expression, cell differentiation, and tumor microenvironment.
  • Aberrant DNA methylation patterns are linked to BC subtypes, impacting early detection and risk assessment.
  • Histone modifications influence cancer cell plasticity and aggressiveness.
  • Non-coding RNAs modulate epigenetic machinery and gene expression.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic insights are crucial for personalized breast cancer treatment strategies.
  • Epigenetic biomarkers hold potential for improving BC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response.
  • Combination epigenetic therapies show promise for enhancing treatment efficacy.