Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS

12.2K
Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
12.2K
Gain01:15

Gain

158
Gain and phase shift are properties of linear circuits that describe the effect a circuit has on a sinusoidal input voltage or current. The circuit's behavior that contains reactive elements will depend on the frequency of the input sinusoid. As a result, it is observed that the gain and phase shift will all be frequency functions.
Gain:
Suppose Vin is the input and Vout is the output signal to a circuit.
158
Gauss's Law01:07

Gauss's Law

7.0K
If a closed surface does not have any charge inside where an electric field line can terminate, then the electric field line entering the surface at one point must necessarily exit at some other point of the surface. Therefore, if a closed surface does not have any charges inside the enclosed volume, then the electric flux through the surface is zero. What happens to the electric flux if there are some charges inside the enclosed volume? Gauss's law gives a quantitative answer to this...
7.0K
Gustation01:43

Gustation

47.5K
Gustation is a chemical sense that, along with olfaction (smell), contributes to our perception of taste. It starts with the activation of receptors by chemical compounds (tastants) dissolved in the saliva. The saliva and filiform papillae on the tongue distribute the tastants and increase their exposure to the taste receptors.
47.5K
Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

55.6K
Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
55.6K
GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity01:09

GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity

5.1K
Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of...
5.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Preclinical Development of GT-14, a Novel Inhibitor of Gα<sub>i</sub>2 Protein: Comprehensive Evaluation of Physicochemical, Metabolic Characteristics and Tissue Distribution.

The AAPS journal·2025
Same author

Development and validation of a sensitive LC-MS/MS assay of GT-14, a novel Gα<sub>i</sub>2 inhibitor, in rat plasma, and its application in pharmacokinetic study.

Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis·2024
Same author

Gα<sub>i</sub>2 Protein Inhibition Blocks Chemotherapy- and Anti-Androgen-Induced Prostate Cancer Cell Migration.

Cancers·2024
Same author

Community Engagement Practices at Research Centers in U.S. Minority Institutions: Priority Populations and Innovative Approaches to Advancing Health Disparities Research.

International journal of environmental research and public health·2021
Same author

Strengthening and Sustaining Inter-Institutional Research Collaborations and Partnerships.

International journal of environmental research and public health·2021
Same author

Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Gα<sub>i</sub>2 Protein Attenuate Migration of Cancer Cells.

Cancers·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 20, 2025

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain Antibody using a HiBiT-Based Bioreporter
07:44

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain Antibody using a HiBiT-Based Bioreporter

Published on: August 12, 2021

3.0K

Gαi2 Induces Cell Migration in PC3 Prostate Cancer Cells in the Absence of Rac1 Activation.

Rarnice Johnson1, Silvia Caggia1,2, Shafiq A Khan1

  • 1Center for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Development and Department of Biological Sciences, Clark Atlanta University, 223 James P. Brawley Dr, Atlanta, GA 30314, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Activated G-alpha-i2 (Gαi2) drives prostate cancer cell migration independently of Rac1. This finding reveals a new mechanism in metastatic prostate cancer progression and potential therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Gαi2Rac1cell migrationlamellipodiaprostate cancer

More Related Videos

High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements
08:50

High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements

Published on: May 12, 2023

2.0K
In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 20, 2025

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain Antibody using a HiBiT-Based Bioreporter
07:44

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain Antibody using a HiBiT-Based Bioreporter

Published on: August 12, 2021

3.0K
High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements
08:50

High-Speed Magnetic Tweezers for Nanomechanical Measurements on Force-Sensitive Elements

Published on: May 12, 2023

2.0K
In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing
10:44

In Vitro Selection of Engineered Transcriptional Repressors for Targeted Epigenetic Silencing

Published on: May 5, 2023

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cancer Research
  • Cell Signaling

Background:

  • Metastatic prostate cancer involves tumor spread, with G-alpha-i2 (Gαi2) implicated in prostate cancer cell migration and invasion.
  • Rac1, a rho-GTPase, is crucial for cell migration, activated by the PI3K/AKT pathway.
  • Previous research suggests Gαi2's role in cell motility may be independent of or downstream of Rac1 activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism of Gαi2 in regulating cell migration, specifically its relationship with Rac1.
  • To examine Gαi2's role in the activation of downstream effectors like Wave2 and Arp 2/3 complex.

Main Methods:

  • PC3 prostate cancer cells were used, with stable overexpression of constitutively active Rac1.
  • Endogenous Gαi2 was knocked down using siRNA, and Western blot analysis assessed protein activation.
  • Experiments involved overexpression of constitutively active Gαi2 (Gαi2-Q205L), Gαi2 inhibition, and Rac1 inhibition.

Main Results:

  • Gαi2 knockdown impaired Rac1-dependent activation of Wave2.
  • Overexpression of Gαi2-Q205L significantly increased PC3 cell migration.
  • Gαi2 inhibition blocked Gαi2-Q205L-induced migration, and Rac1 inhibition did not affect it.

Conclusions:

  • Activated Gαi2 plays a critical role in prostate cancer cell migration.
  • This migration is independent of Rac1 activation, suggesting a novel pathway.
  • Findings highlight Gαi2 as a potential therapeutic target for metastatic prostate cancer.