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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

267
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
267
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

295
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
295
Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

Routes of Drug Administration: Overview

5.3K
Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
5.3K
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

358
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
358
Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral01:18

Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral

3.1K
Medications can be administered through the enteral route using liquids, capsules, or tablets.
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

2.7K
Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
Administering drugs via inhalation allows for the direct delivery of gaseous, volatile substances or droplets to different parts of the respiratory tract. One of the advantages of the inhalation route is the rapid absorption of drugs into the circulatory system, which is possible because of the large surface area of...
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Updated: May 20, 2025

Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs
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Self-Nanoemulsification of Healthy Oils to Enhance the Solubility of Lipophilic Drugs

Published on: July 27, 2022

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Advancements in Nanoemulsion-Based Drug Delivery Across Different Administration Routes.

Maria D Chatzidaki1,2, Evgenia Mitsou1,3

  • 1Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece.

Pharmaceutics
|March 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Nanoemulsions (NEs) are versatile drug delivery systems enhancing bioavailability and protecting compounds. This review covers recent advancements in NE applications across various administration routes, including emerging theranostic uses.

Keywords:
(trans)dermaldrug deliveryintra-articularnanoemulsionsnasalocularoral

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Nanotechnology
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Nanoemulsions (NEs) offer significant advantages for drug delivery, including improved bioavailability, compound protection, and low toxicity.
  • Their multifaceted nature has led to widespread research and development in therapeutic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements (last five years) in nanoemulsion-based drug delivery systems.
  • To explore NE applications across diverse administration routes: (trans)dermal, oral, ocular, nasal, and intra-articular.
  • To highlight emerging applications like vaccination and theranostics, and discuss clinical trial progress.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on publications from the last five years.
  • Analysis of strategies for NE component selection and surface functionalization.
  • Examination of NE-based systems, including gels, and their therapeutic potential.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress in optimizing NE formulations for specific administration routes.
  • Successful incorporation of permeation enhancers and targeting moieties for improved efficacy.
  • Emergence of NEs in novel applications such as vaccines and theranostics, with increasing clinical trial presence.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoemulsions represent a rapidly evolving platform for advanced drug delivery.
  • Continued research into rational design, functionalization, and novel applications will drive future therapeutic breakthroughs.
  • Addressing critical challenges is essential for the widespread clinical adoption of NE-based therapies.