2024 FDA TIDES (Peptides and Oligonucleotides) Harvest

Area of Science:

• Therapeutic drug development
• Biochemistry and molecular biology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• The FDA approved fifty novel drugs in 2024, including four peptide and oligonucleotide therapeutics (TIDEs).
• TIDEs represent a significant advancement, offering essential therapies for complex diseases like genetic disorders, moving beyond symptom management.
• Peptides have shown promise, with approvals for Rett Syndrome and Niemann-Pick disease type C.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review TIDES approved in 2024.
• To analyze their chemical structures, medical targets, and mechanisms of action.
• To highlight advancements in drug stability, delivery, and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

• Examination of FDA-approved TIDES in 2024.
• Analysis of chemical structures, including prodrug strategies and novel modifications.
• Review of therapeutic targets, administration routes, and adverse effects.

Main Results:

• Four TIDES (two pepTIDEs, two oligonucleoTIDEs) were approved in 2024.
• Prodrug strategies (e.g., palopegteriparatide) enhance targeting and half-life.
• The ESC-GalNAc platform and ribose moiety modifications improve oligonucleotide stability and delivery.

Conclusions:

• TIDEs are increasingly important therapeutic alternatives for complex diseases.
• Prodrug approaches and novel chemical modifications are key to enhancing TIDE efficacy.
• The 2024 approvals demonstrate significant progress in peptide and oligonucleotide-based therapies.