Non-coding RNA-mediated granulosa cell dysfunction during ovarian aging: From mechanisms to potential interventions

Area of Science:

• Reproductive Biology
• Molecular Endocrinology
• Genetics

Background:

• Ovarian aging (OA) significantly impacts female health, yet its pathogenesis is not fully understood.
• Granulosa cell (GC) dysfunction is a critical factor in the ovarian aging process.
• Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their regulatory roles in cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of ncRNA roles in GC biological functions.
• To explore the regulatory mechanisms of ncRNAs in GC apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, and steroid synthesis.
• To discuss the therapeutic potential of ncRNAs, especially exosome-derived ncRNAs, in mitigating OA.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent advancements in ncRNA research and biotechnology.
• Analysis of ncRNA involvement in GC cellular processes.
• Exploration of exosome-mediated ncRNA delivery for OA therapy.

Main Results:

• ncRNAs critically regulate key GC functions, including apoptosis, autophagy, proliferation, and steroidogenesis.
• Specific ncRNAs are implicated in the pathogenesis of ovarian aging.
• Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes show promise for delivering therapeutic ncRNAs.

Conclusions:

• ncRNAs are vital regulators of GC function and ovarian aging.
• Targeting ncRNAs presents a promising strategy for developing biomarkers and therapies for OA.
• Further research into ncRNA mechanisms can lead to improved diagnosis and individualized treatment for OA.