Qualitative research in cardiac surgery: importance, challenges, and opportunities

Qualitative research in cardiac surgery remains underutilised despite its crucial role in understanding patient experiences and improving care delivery. Cardiac surgery has traditionally been dominated by quantitative research and despite its clear value, qualitative research remains underutilised in cardiac surgery. This narrative review highlights key qualitative findings in valve replacement procedures, including patient autonomy in decision-making, post-operative challenges, and financial burdens. Mixed-methods research combining quantitative and qualitative approaches offers a comprehensive framework for addressing complex healthcare challenges. We propose strategic areas for future qualitative research and recommend increased integration of qualitative methodologies in cardiac surgical practice.