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Related Experiment Videos

A simple method for reducing cardiac output in the conscious lamb.

J T Fahey, G Lister

    The American Journal of Physiology
    |July 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study introduces a novel method to control cardiac output in lambs using a balloon catheter. This technique allows for stable, reversible reductions in cardiac output for physiological measurements.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiovascular physiology
    • Pediatric research
    • Animal models in research

    Background:

    • Assessing cardiovascular function requires controlled manipulation of cardiac output.
    • Existing methods for reducing cardiac output may involve invasive procedures or sedation, limiting their applicability in awake animal models.
    • A need exists for a minimally invasive, controlled method to study hemodynamic and metabolic responses to reduced cardiac output in conscious, unsedated animals.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and validate a method for stepwise reduction of cardiac output in awake, unsedated lambs.
    • To enable the measurement of steady-state hemodynamic and metabolic variables during controlled reductions in cardiac output.
    • To establish a reproducible and reversible model for studying the physiological consequences of decreased systemic blood flow.

    Main Methods:

    • A balloon-tipped Foley catheter was inserted into the right atrium via an isolated jugular vein in lambs.
    • Cardiac output was progressively reduced by inflating the balloon, limiting systemic venous return.
    • Hemodynamic and metabolic variables were measured at stable, stepwise reductions in cardiac output.

    Main Results:

    • The method allowed for controlled, stepwise reductions in cardiac output to as low as 20% of resting levels.
    • Stable hemodynamic and metabolic measurements were achievable at each reduced cardiac output level.
    • Reductions in cardiac output were rapidly reversible upon balloon deflation, and the preparation remained stable for repeated studies.
    • Observed alterations in oxygen consumption, transport, extraction, blood pressure, and lactate concentration were consistent with known responses to decreased cardiac output.

    Conclusions:

    • A minimally invasive, controlled method using a balloon catheter effectively reduces cardiac output in awake, unsedated lambs.
    • This technique provides a stable and reversible model for investigating physiological responses to diminished cardiac output.
    • The method facilitates repeated studies in the same animal, enhancing research efficiency and ethical considerations.

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