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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction

IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...

Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management

Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...

Aneurysm I: Introduction

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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...

Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care

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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...

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Manufacturing Abdominal Aorta Hydrogel Tissue-Mimicking Phantoms for Ultrasound Elastography Validation

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Published on: September 19, 2018

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Growth Rates and Predicting Factors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Matthew Henry¹, Carlos A Campello Jorge¹, Pieter A J van Bakel^2,3

¹Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA.

Journal of the American Heart Association

|March 27, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) growth rates vary by cause, with ascending TAAs typically growing 0.25-1 mm/y. Annual surveillance may be too frequent for most patients, and predictors of growth are lacking.

Keywords:

Loeys–Dietz syndrome Marfan syndrome bicuspid aortic valve growth rate meta‐analysis systematic review thoracic aortic aneurysm

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Measurement of Pulse Propagation Velocity, Distensibility and Strain in an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Mouse Model

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Published on: February 23, 2020

Area of Science:

Cardiology
Vascular Surgery
Genetics

Background:

Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a serious condition with variable progression.
Understanding growth rates (GR) and predictors is crucial for patient management.
This study focuses on syndromic, bicuspid aortic valve, and sporadic TAA.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review and meta-analyze the growth rate (GR) of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs).
To identify potential predictive factors for TAA growth.
To synthesize evidence across different TAA etiologies.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies.
Searched online databases for adult patients with asymptomatic TAA.
Calculated pooled GRs for syndromic, bicuspid aortic valve, and sporadic TAA groups.

Main Results:

Included 85 studies in the review and 55 in the meta-analysis.
Mean GRs varied: Turner syndrome (0.25 mm/y), Marfan syndrome (0.45 mm/y), Loeys-Dietz syndrome (0.81 mm/y).
Bicuspid aortic valve TAA GR was 0.37 mm/y pre-surgery and 0.18 mm/y post-surgery. Ascending sporadic TAA GR was 0.33 mm/y, descending TAA GR was 2.71 mm/y.

Conclusions:

Ascending TAAs generally grow between 0.25-1 mm/y.
Current annual surveillance frequency may be excessive for detecting growth in many TAA cases.
Limited high-quality studies exist, and predictors of TAA growth remain unidentified.