Neurotrophic keratopathy: Update in diagnosis and management

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Neuroscience
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• The cornea possesses the highest density of sensory nerves in the body, crucial for ocular surface homeostasis.
• These nerves regulate vital functions like the blink reflex, tear production, and wound healing via trophic factor release.
• Impaired corneal innervation results in neurotrophic keratopathy (NK), a condition leading to severe visual impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of neurotrophic keratopathy (NK).
• To highlight current and emerging diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for NK.
• To focus on advancements in promoting corneal reinnervation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent advancements in neurotrophic keratopathy research.
• Analysis of current medical and surgical treatment modalities.
• Exploration of novel therapeutic targets for corneal reinnervation.

Main Results:

• Traditional NK management focused on epithelial healing, but new therapies now target nerve regeneration.
• Breakthroughs in the last decade offer promising avenues for restoring corneal sensory function.
• The review synthesizes current knowledge and future directions in NK care.

Conclusions:

• Neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) management is evolving beyond epithelial healing to nerve regeneration.
• New medical and surgical strategies are improving diagnosis and treatment outcomes for NK.
• Promoting corneal reinnervation represents a significant advancement in addressing NK and preserving vision.