Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 11, 2026

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection
10:25

Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies using High-Throughput Fluorescent Imaging of Pseudovirus Infection

Published on: June 5, 2021

Multiple exposures to SARS-CoV-2 Spike enhance cross-reactive antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against

Guillaume Beaudoin-Bussières1, Alexandra Tauzin1, Katrina Dionne1

  • 1Centre de Recherche du CHUM, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada; Département de Microbiologie, Infectiologie et Immunologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada.

Virology
|March 27, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) is induced by SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, offering protection against variants and related coronaviruses. This immune response complements neutralization, enhancing overall defense.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination induce protective immunity, including cross-reactive antibodies against other betacoronaviruses.
  • While neutralizing antibody capacity is well-studied, Fc-effector functions of antibodies remain less understood.
  • Fc-effector functions, such as ADCC, are linked to survival during acute viral infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze Spike recognition, neutralization, and ADCC against SARS-CoV-2 variants (D614G, JN.1) and SARS-CoV-1.
  • To evaluate the impact of mRNA vaccination (pre-vaccination, 2nd, 3rd, and 6th doses) on these immune responses.
  • To investigate the potential role of ADCC in combating current and future coronavirus threats.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of plasma samples from individuals at various time points following mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
  • Measurement of Spike protein recognition, neutralizing antibody activity, and ADCC against different coronavirus strains.
  • Comparison of immune responses elicited by vaccination across multiple doses.

Main Results:

  • ADCC was detected after the second and third vaccine doses, despite limited neutralization activity.
  • By the sixth vaccine dose, individuals exhibited both neutralization and ADCC against SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 and SARS-CoV-1.
  • Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was readily detected even with poor neutralization after initial vaccine doses.

Conclusions:

  • mRNA vaccination elicits robust ADCC responses against SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-CoV-1.
  • ADCC represents a significant Fc-mediated immune response that complements neutralization.
  • ADCC may play a crucial role in providing protection against current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants and related betacoronaviruses.
Keywords:
ADCCCoronavirusFc-effector functionsOmicronSARS-CoV-1SARS-CoV-2Spike

More Related Videos

Dynamic Monitoring of Seroconversion using a Multianalyte Immunobead Assay for Covid-1908:48

Dynamic Monitoring of Seroconversion using a Multianalyte Immunobead Assay for Covid-19

Published on: February 16, 2022

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens06:03

Whole Blood Assay with Dual Co-Stimulation for Antigen-Specific Analysis of Host Immunity to Fungal and Viral Pathogens

Published on: September 20, 2024

Related Concept Videos

Cross-reactivity00:42

Cross-reactivity

Overview
Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response01:23

Cells of the Adaptive Immune Response

The T and B lymphocytes of the adaptive immune system develop from common lymphoid progenitor cells in the bone marrow. These progenitors give rise to precursors that eventually develop into both T and B lymphocytes. As these precursors mature, they gain the ability to detect and respond to foreign antigens in the body, a process known as immunocompetence. Additionally, these precursors acquire self-tolerance, a process that ensures they do not react to self-antigens. This intricate system...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...