Influence of Physical Activity Interventions on Executive Functions for Down Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Developmental Psychology
• Exercise Science

Background:

• Physical activity (PA) is known to enhance executive functions (EFs) in typically developing individuals.
• The impact of PA interventions on EFs in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) remains less understood.
• This review systematically examines the existing literature on PA and EFs in the DS population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review the empirical literature on the influence of physical activity interventions on executive functions in individuals with Down syndrome.
• To synthesize findings regarding the effects of PA on specific EFs in individuals with DS.
• To identify gaps and limitations in the current research.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted to identify eligible studies.
• Studies were reviewed following PRISMA guidelines.
• Data on study characteristics and findings were charted, and risk of bias was assessed.

Main Results:

• The review identified 10 eligible articles.
• Findings suggest potential positive effects of PA on inhibition and cognitive shifting in individuals with DS.
• Critical methodological issues and a high risk of bias were identified, complicating interpretation of results.

Conclusions:

• Physical activity interventions show promise for improving certain executive functions in individuals with Down syndrome.
• Significant methodological limitations in current studies hinder definitive conclusions.
• Further high-quality intervention studies are required to clarify the impact of PA on executive functions in individuals with Down syndrome.