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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Pathological and Inflammatory Consequences of Aging.

Mario García-Domínguez1,2,3

  • 1Program of Immunology and Immunotherapy, CIMA-Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain.

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|March 28, 2025
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Summary

Aging accelerates with chronic inflammation, known as "inflammaging." This review explores its mechanisms and therapeutic strategies for healthy aging, including diet and lifestyle changes.

Keywords:
adipagingagingcellular senescenceimmunosenescenceinflammaginginflammationparthanatosproteostasistelomere shortening

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Aging is a complex biological process involving structural and functional decline across all bodily systems.
  • Chronic inflammation, termed "inflammaging," is a key driver of age-related diseases and functional impairment in older adults.
  • Inflammaging involves elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and immune dysregulation, exacerbated by factors like cellular senescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the intricate relationship between aging and chronic inflammation.
  • To review the underlying mechanisms contributing to the inflammatory state in aging.
  • To highlight potential therapeutic interventions for mitigating age-related inflammation and promoting healthy aging.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current scientific literature on aging and inflammation.
  • It examines the molecular and cellular pathways involved in inflammaging.
  • Potential therapeutic strategies are discussed based on existing research.

Main Results:

  • Aging is intrinsically linked to a persistent, low-grade inflammatory state (inflammaging).
  • Factors such as cellular senescence significantly contribute to the inflammatory milieu.
  • Inflammaging exacerbates age-related conditions including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and metabolic disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding inflammaging mechanisms is crucial for developing interventions to promote healthy aging.
  • Targeted therapies, including pharmacological treatments, dietary adjustments, and lifestyle modifications, show promise.
  • Addressing chronic inflammation may significantly improve functional capacity and healthspan in older individuals.