Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation
09:03

The Perinatal Asphyxiated Lamb Model: A Model for Newborn Resuscitation

Published on: August 15, 2018

10.2K

Respiratory Support Strategies for Surgical Neonates: A Review

Piero Alberti1, Niyi Ade-Ajayi1,2, Anne Greenough1

  • 1Department of Women and Children's Health, School of Life Course Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London SE5 9RS, UK.

Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|March 28, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Neonates with surgical conditions often face respiratory distress. This review covers respiratory support for oesophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, congenital lung malformations, and abdominal wall defects, focusing on ventilation strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal surgery
  • Pediatric respiratory medicine
  • Critical care

Background:

  • Congenital conditions requiring surgery frequently cause respiratory distress in neonates.
  • Pulmonary complications and respiratory support are critical in managing these infants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review management of pulmonary complications and respiratory support strategies for four neonatal surgical conditions.
  • To discuss mechanical ventilation and non-invasive support modes to reduce ventilator-induced lung injury.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on respiratory support for neonatal surgical conditions.
  • Discussion of mechanical ventilation techniques, including lung-protective settings and high-frequency ventilation.
  • Emphasis on echocardiographic assessment for pulmonary hypertension in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Main Results:

  • Advances improve outcomes for oesophageal atresia-tracheoesophageal fistula, but premature infants remain challenged.
  • Conventional ventilation may be superior to high-frequency ventilation in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.
  • Lung-protective ventilation may reduce complications in congenital lung malformations; management debate exists for asymptomatic cases.
  • Long-term respiratory effects of pulmonary hypoplasia in anterior abdominal wall defects are unclear.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal respiratory support strategies for neonatal surgical conditions affecting lung function require further definition.
  • Prospective multi-center studies are needed as surgical and ventilation techniques evolve.

Keywords:
congenital diaphragmatic herniacongenital lung malformationsexomphalosgastroschisisneonatal ventilationoesophageal atresiapaediatric surgerytracheoesophageal fistula

More Related Videos

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats04:27

Intratracheal Instillation of Stem Cells in Term Neonatal Rats

Published on: May 4, 2020

5.4K
Laryngeal Mask Airway LMA Placement in a Neonatal Patient Simulator Using a Non-Inflatable Supraglottic Airway SGA04:56

Laryngeal Mask Airway LMA Placement in a Neonatal Patient Simulator Using a Non-Inflatable Supraglottic Airway SGA

Published on: July 14, 2023

6.8K

Related Concept Videos

Acute Respiratory Failure-V01:29

Acute Respiratory Failure-V

The treatment for acute respiratory failure varies based on factors like the underlying cause, overall health, and severity. A collaborative healthcare team is essential for early detection, often through arterial blood gas analysis. Identifying the cause is the primary goal, with treatment strategies adjusted for ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) mismatch, shunting, or diffusion impairment.
Ensure that patients are monitored continuously for their response to therapy, including changes in...
773
Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece01:23

Oxygen Delivering System III: Tracheostomy and T-piece

Oxygen delivery is critical in clinical care, especially for patients with respiratory disorders or those undergoing surgical procedures. Various systems, such as tracheostomy and the T-piece, deliver oxygen to the lungs, ensuring adequate arterial oxygenation.
Tracheostomy
A tracheostomy is a surgically created opening (stoma) in the anterior part of the trachea. It is used to establish a patient airway, bypass an upper airway obstruction, simplify the removal of secretions, permit long-term...
9.5K
Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation II: Invasive Ventilation

Ventilators are essential medical equipment used to aid patients with respiratory difficulties. Their primary function is to assist or replace spontaneous breathing by providing mechanical ventilation. There are two general classes of mechanical ventilators: negative-pressure and positive-pressure ventilators.
Negative-Pressure Ventilators
Negative-pressure ventilators create a vacuum around the chest or body to draw air into the lungs, simulating breathing. This method does not require an...
1.3K
Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation01:23

Mechanical Ventilation III: Noninvasive Ventilation

Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV), continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), and bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) are essential methods in respiratory care. These ventilation techniques offer unique benefits for patients with various respiratory conditions, providing adequate support without requiring intubation. Let's explore how each method is crucial in improving patient outcomes and enhancing respiratory therapy.
Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation...
936
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned...
1.2K
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
963