Immunosenescence in Sepsis: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Therapeutic Targets

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response triggered by infection that can result in immune regulation disruption and organ dysfunction. As an individual age, a phenomenon known as immunosenescence occurs. Immunosenescence is characterized by the deterioration of immune cells and organs. This decline leads to immune dysfunction, which is closely associated with an increased mortality rate among elderly sepsis patients. Recent studies have revealed that various responses during sepsis can induce premature aging of immune organs and cells in younger individuals, a process referred to as premature immunosenescence, which further accelerates the progression of sepsis and contributes to adverse outcomes. There is a significant correlation between immunosenescence and sepsis; therefore, understanding the specific manifestations and underlying mechanisms of immunosenescence induced by sepsis is imperative. Additionally, treatment strategies aimed at reversing or alleviating both immune aging and immune suppression in septic patients are worthwhile exploring and will also improve understanding of the concept of immunosenescence.