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Related Concept Videos

Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

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The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
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The uterine wall consists of three histological layers: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The outermost perimetrium is a thin, serous membrane connected with the broad ligament on the sides, which helps anchor the uterus in the pelvic cavity. The thickest layer, myometrium, is mainly made up of smooth muscle tissue bundles. Its contractions are vital in facilitating the expulsion of the uterine lining, fetus, and placenta during menstruation and childbirth.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 2, 2026

Generation of Multicellular Human Primary Endometrial Organoids
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The human endometrium: atlases, models, and prospects.

Frederick Ck Wong1, Christina E Kim2, Luz Garcia-Alonso2

  • 1Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK; Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|March 28, 2025
PubMed
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The human endometrium

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Genomics
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • The endometrium cycles monthly, involving hormonal coordination.
  • Endometrial dysfunction leads to health issues like abnormal bleeding and endometriosis.
  • Current understanding is limited by understudied etiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding endometrial biology.
  • To highlight the role of single-cell transcriptomics and advanced models.
  • To discuss limitations and future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of single-cell transcriptomics atlases.
  • Evaluation of advanced in vitro models for endometrial research.
  • Review of signaling pathways like WNT, NOTCH, and TGFβ.

Main Results:

  • Single-cell profiling reveals endometrial cellular diversity and dynamics.
  • Key signaling pathways (WNT, NOTCH, TGFβ) identified as regulators.
  • Advanced models capture endometrial cellular heterogeneity and structure.

Conclusions:

  • Single-cell transcriptomics and novel models offer new research avenues.
  • Further investigation is needed to address limitations and advance endometrial science.
  • Improved understanding can lead to better diagnosis and treatment of endometrial disorders.