Screening and Interventions for Intimate Partner Violence in Pregnancy: The Perspective of Survivors

Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses serious risks to women's health, especially during pregnancy. Despite pregnancy being a key opportunity for IPV screening, various barriers often hinder health care provider efforts to screen for IPV. This study seeks to understand from IPV survivors how health care providers can better screen for and address IPV during pregnancy.

Women who had experienced IPV during pregnancy were recruited via Facebook ads. A website provided study details and a consent form. After consenting, participants completed a survey covering 4 main themes: personal demographics, IPV screening in pregnancy, barriers to disclosure, and interventions offered. Written comments were invited in addition to survey completion.

This pilot study involved 23 participants who experienced IPV during pregnancy. Overall, 17 reported childhood abuse and 19 had experienced abuse outside of pregnancy. Although all participants supported IPV screening by health care providers during prenatal care, only 8 were screened. There was a preference for written tools over verbal assessments to enhance comfort and privacy. Barriers to disclosure included fear of partner retaliation, discomfort discussing IPV, concerns about confidentiality, and potential involvement of child protection services. Interventions offered were limited, with mental health support and social services identified as critical resources.

Findings support the need for improved screening practices and comprehensive support systems to address the complex needs of pregnant individuals experiencing IPV, particularly given its prevalence and ties to childhood trauma. Enhancing standardized guidelines, health care provider training, and disclosure support are essential for promoting healthier outcomes for mothers and their children.