Anatomic, clinical, surgical, and radiographic correlation of the zygomatic complex fracture

Understanding the mechanisms by which clinical signs and symptoms are produced is a prerequisite to the correct appreciation of radiographic features. Radiographs of facial trauma are no different in this respect. This paper describes the specific clinical findings associated with each displaced bony fragment of the zygomatic complex fracture. Limitation of jaw movement and flattening of the cheek are produced by depressed fractures of the temporal process or zygomatic arch; unilateral epistaxis is a result of fractures of the zygomatic process of the maxilla or the floor of the orbit; paresthesia or anesthesia of the cheek results from fractures of the infraorbital process or orbital floor; unequal pupil heights is associated with fracture of the frontal process; and decreased extraocular muscle function with diplopia is caused by fractures of the orbital process, frontal process, or orbital floor. The clinical and radiographic findings are correlated with surgical management.