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Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
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Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics: Overview01:28

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Understanding drugs, drug products, and their performance in pharmaceutical science is pivotal. Drugs, whether simple molecules or complex compounds, are designed to interact with the body's biological systems to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. Drug products include various delivery systems such as tablets, capsules, injections, and inhalers. The performance of these drug products is gauged by their ability to deliver the active ingredient to the desired site of action at the...
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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
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Cellular Membranes and Drug Transport01:24

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Drugs must traverse multiple biological barriers, such as multi-layered skin, single-layered intestinal epithelium, and the plasma membrane, to reach their target sites within the body. The plasma membrane, a highly structured composite of phospholipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, is the cell's protective boundary, facilitating selective substance exchange.
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Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

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The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
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Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

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Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
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Polymeric Drug Delivery Systems in Biomedicine.

Ivan A Gulyaev1, Maria B Sokol2, Mariia R Mollaeva2

  • 1Emanuel Institute of Biochemical Physics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119334, Russia. Gulyaev.I.A@yandex.ru.

Biochemistry. Biokhimiia
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PubMed
Summary

This review explores polymeric carriers for drug delivery, highlighting their types, advantages, and applications in preclinical and clinical trials for various diseases. It emphasizes targeted delivery systems for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.

Keywords:
antibacterial therapyantitumor therapyantiviral therapypolymeric nanoparticlestargeted drug delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Polymeric carriers are crucial in modern medicine for drug delivery.
  • Understanding polymer properties is key to their application as drug delivery vehicles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the use of polymeric carriers in biomedicine.
  • To explore different polymer types, their properties, and forms of polymeric carriers.
  • To examine preclinical and clinical trials of polymeric drug carriers and targeted delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of polymeric carriers in biomedicine.
  • Analysis of polymer properties relevant to drug delivery.
  • Examination of clinical and preclinical studies involving polymeric drug carriers.
  • Discussion of targeted drug delivery strategies using polymeric systems.

Main Results:

  • Polymeric carriers offer significant advantages for drug delivery.
  • Polymeric forms have shown promise in preclinical and clinical trials for antitumor and infectious disease therapies.
  • Targeted delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy, particularly in antibacterial therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Polymeric carriers are versatile tools in biomedicine with diverse applications.
  • Targeted drug delivery using polymeric carriers, especially with vector molecules, is a key area for improving therapeutic outcomes.
  • Further research into polymeric carrier systems holds potential for advancing medical treatments.