Evaluating Learning Curves in Virtual Reality Cortical Mastoidectomy Training Across Expertise Levels

Area of Science:

• Surgical Education
• Medical Simulation
• Otology

Background:

• Virtual reality (VR) simulation effectively supplements traditional surgical training.
• Learning curves in VR settings analyze skill acquisition over time.
• Previous studies focused on single-specimen mastoidectomy learning curves.

Purpose of the Study:

• Analyze mastoidectomy learning curves on anatomically different virtual temporal bones.
• Compare skill acquisition across novice, intermediate, and expert surgical trainees.
• Evaluate performance metrics including surgical skill, efficiency, and technique.

Main Methods:

• Thirty participants (10 novices, 10 intermediates, 10 experts) performed virtual mastoidectomies on eight unique temporal bone specimens.
• Performance was assessed using the Melbourne Mastoidectomy Scale (MMS).
• Metrics analyzed included MMS scores, stroke count, average force, drilling time, and total time.

Main Results:

• Significant differences in performance metrics were observed across all expertise levels.
• The expert group showed significant improvements in total and drilling time.
• The intermediate group demonstrated significant changes in average force, while novices improved total time.

Conclusions:

• Eight repetitions on varied virtual temporal bone specimens were insufficient for trainees to reach expert performance.
• Individualized feedback and increased practice repetitions are recommended to optimize skill acquisition in VR surgical training.