Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Osmoregulation in Insects

Osmoregulation in Insects

Malpighian tubules are specialized structures found in the digestive systems of many arthropods, including most insects, that handle excretion and osmoregulation. The tubules are typically arranged in pairs and have a convoluted structure that increases their surface area.

Fixed Action Patterns

Fixed Action Patterns

A fixed action pattern (FAP) is a specific, hard-wired sequence of behaviors that occurs in response to an external stimulus, called a sign stimulus. The behavior is “fixed” because it is essentially unchangeable—proceeding similarly across individuals of a species every time it occurs.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Development and validation of the Maladaptive Eating Behavior Questionnaire after Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.

Obesity surgery·2026

Same author

Chemodivergent aminocarbonylation enabled by oxygen vacancy-engineered Pd-doped In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanocatalysts.

Science advances·2026

Same author

Artificial sparse neuron dendrites for visual information inference.

Science advances·2026

Same author

Electron-Induced Reactions in Solid Carbon Dioxide: Lithography and Methane Formation under High-Energy Irradiation.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026

Same author

In Situ Generated Ru(III)/Ru(IV) From Ru(II) Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols: Facile Access to Carboxylic Acids in Aqueous Media.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026

Same author

lncRNA-mRNA Co-expression Network Unveils Neutrophil Metabolic Reprogramming in Human Sepsis.

Inflammation·2026

Same journal

Correction to "Living Therapeutic Microneedles Integrated with Built-In Metabolic Engines for Autonomous Diabetic Wound Management".

Nano letters·2026

Same journal

Chiral Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum on the Verge of the Light Cone.

Nano letters·2026

Same journal

Scalable Atomically Interfaced Heterostructure Photoelectrodes for Broadband Solar Energy Harvesting and Stable Li-Ion Storage.

Nano letters·2026

Same journal

Bulk and Surface Excitons in the van der Waals Magnet CrSBr: Magneto-Optical Studies to 55 T.

Nano letters·2026

Same journal

High-Entropy Alloy Nanomaterials with Well-Designed Nanostructures for Electrocatalytic Applications.

Nano letters·2026

Same journal

Symmetrical Tetravalent Aptamer-Protein Conjugate with Ultrahigh <i>In Vivo</i> Stability for Targeted Cancer Imaging and Therapy.

Nano letters·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2025

Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly

Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly

Published on: November 4, 2021

Patterning on Living Tardigrades.

Zhirong Yang¹, Shan Wu¹, Kang Zhao²

¹Key Laboratory of 3D Micro/Nano Fabrication and Characterization of Zhejiang Province, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310030, China.

|April 1, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed ice lithography to create micro/nanoscale patterns on tardigrades. These resilient microscopic animals revive with patterns intact, opening doors for cryopreservation and biomedicine.

Keywords:

biosensors ice lithography living organisms micro/nanofabrication wearables

More Related Videos

Pattern Generation for Micropattern Traction Microscopy

Pattern Generation for Micropattern Traction Microscopy

Published on: February 17, 2022

Photopatterning Proteins and Cells in Aqueous Environment Using TiO2 Photocatalysis

Photopatterning Proteins and Cells in Aqueous Environment Using TiO2 Photocatalysis

Published on: October 26, 2015

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 16, 2025

Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly

Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly

Published on: November 4, 2021

Pattern Generation for Micropattern Traction Microscopy

Pattern Generation for Micropattern Traction Microscopy

Published on: February 17, 2022

Photopatterning Proteins and Cells in Aqueous Environment Using TiO2 Photocatalysis

Photopatterning Proteins and Cells in Aqueous Environment Using TiO2 Photocatalysis

Published on: October 26, 2015

Area of Science:

Biophysics
Materials Science
Micro/nanofabrication

Background:

Conventional micro/nanofabrication methods are limited for use with living organisms due to issues like radiation damage and toxic solvents.
Tardigrades, known for their extreme resilience, offer a unique biological platform for advanced fabrication techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel micro/nanofabrication technique compatible with living organisms.
To demonstrate the feasibility of creating durable micro/nanoscale patterns on tardigrades without compromising their viability.

Main Methods:

Ice lithography was employed for direct micro/nanoscale patterning on tardigrades in a cryptobiotic state.
Precise control over ice thickness, beam energy, and substrate properties minimized sample damage.
Pattern stability was tested under various conditions including stretching, solvent immersion, rinsing, and drying.

Main Results:

Successful fabrication of micro/nanoscale patterns as small as 72 nm on tardigrade surfaces.
Tardigrades revived upon rehydration, retaining the fabricated patterns.
The patterns exhibited remarkable stability, persisting through mechanical stress and chemical treatments.

Conclusions:

Ice lithography is a viable method for patterning living tardigrades, preserving their viability.
This technique offers new insights into tardigrade resilience and survival mechanisms.
Potential applications include cryopreservation, biomedicine, biosensing, biomimetics, and living microrobotics.