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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 16, 2025

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Two Axes of White Matter Development.

Audrey C Luo1,2,3, Steven L Meisler1,2,3, Valerie J Sydnor4

  • 1Penn Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center (PennLINC), Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

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Human white matter development shows distinct patterns along major tracts, with superficial regions maturing later and aligning with the brain's functional hierarchy. This challenges uniform maturation assumptions and suggests functional implications for neural transmission in youth.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Understanding white matter maturation is crucial for cognitive development.
  • Previous research often assumed uniform development along white matter tracts.
  • The precise developmental trajectories along major tracts in humans remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify fundamental patterns of white matter maturation along major tracts in humans.
  • To investigate developmental variation across the length of cortico-cortical tracts in youth.
  • To challenge the assumption of uniform white matter tract development.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized diffusion MRI data from three large-scale, cross-sectional datasets (N=2,716).
  • Examined developmental variation in white matter tracts in individuals aged 5-23 years.
  • Analyzed major, long-range cortico-cortical tracts.

Main Results:

  • Identified two replicable axes of white matter development: a deep-to-superficial axis and a hierarchical axis.
  • Superficial tract regions near the cortex showed greater age-related changes than deep regions.
  • Development of superficial regions aligned with the sensorimotor-association cortical hierarchy, with sensorimotor-adjacent areas maturing earlier.

Conclusions:

  • White matter tracts do not mature uniformly along their length, contrary to previous assumptions.
  • Developmental variation along tracts may have functional implications, such as mitigating ephaptic coupling and tuning neural synchrony.
  • These findings refine our understanding of neural transmission refinement during youth.