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    Area of Science:

    • Optoelectronics
    • Materials Science

    Background:

    • Traditional ring-lenses often rely on fixed structures.
    • Precise control over light manipulation is crucial in optics.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose a new liquid-crystal (LC) module capable of forming tunable ring-lenses.
    • To demonstrate electrical control over light beam converging and diverging properties.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing electrically driven spatial electric fields within an LC micro-cavity.
    • Employing indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes and aluminum concentric cylinders (ACCs).
    • Inducing charges on ACCs to concentrate electric fields and re-orient LC molecules.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a wavelike refractive index profile mimicking convex or concave lenses.
    • Demonstrated dual-mode operation (converging/diverging) controlled by applied voltage.
    • Showcased the effect of ACCs in concentrating electric fields for enhanced LC re-orientation.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed LC module provides a foundation for developing novel, electrically driven, dual-mode LC ring-lenses.
    • This technology enables fine manipulation of light waves for optical systems.