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Ulvan-based composite aerogels for efficient methylene blue adsorption.

Stalin Kondaveeti1, Anjon Kumar Mondal1, Shintu Varghese1

  • 1Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|April 1, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Macroalgae-derived Ulvan/polyvinyl alcohol (Ulvan/PVA) composite aerogels were developed for efficient water contaminant removal. These eco-friendly aerogels show high methylene blue adsorption capacity and reusability for pollutant treatment.

Keywords:
AdsorptionAerogelsFreeze-dryingMethylene bluePVAUlvan

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Macroalgae biomass presents disposal challenges and offers potential for sustainable material development.
  • Developing efficient adsorbents is crucial for mitigating water pollution.
  • Polymer composite aerogels show promise for environmental remediation applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize Ulvan/polyvinyl alcohol (Ulvan/PVA) composite aerogels from macroalgae biomass.
  • To evaluate the performance of these aerogels in removing methylene blue (MB) from water.
  • To investigate the reusability and adsorption mechanisms of the developed composite aerogels.

Main Methods:

  • Ulvan/PVA composite aerogels were synthesized using a chemical crosslinking method with borate ions and freeze-drying.
  • Characterization involved water solubility, SEM, FTIR, XRD, TGA, and BET surface area analysis.
  • Methylene blue adsorption experiments were conducted to determine adsorption capacity, kinetics, and isotherm models, along with cyclic adsorption tests.

Main Results:

  • The Ulvan/PVA composite aerogels exhibited a low density (0.053 g/cm³), high surface area (1.398 m²/g), and excellent mechanical strength (4.7 MPa at 80% strain).
  • A maximum methylene blue adsorption capacity of 526.5 mg/g was achieved, with adsorption following pseudo-second-order kinetics and the Langmuir isotherm model.
  • The aerogels demonstrated good reusability, retaining significant adsorption capacity over three cycles (510, 496.54, and 483.26 mg/g).

Conclusions:

  • The developed Ulvan/PVA composite aerogels are stable, porous, and effective adsorbents for methylene blue removal.
  • The synergistic properties of the composite material contribute to high adsorption capacity and reusability.
  • This synthesis strategy offers an eco-friendly pathway for creating polysaccharide-based aerogels for pollutant treatment.