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Saccharin disrupts bacterial cell envelope stability and interferes with DNA replication dynamics.

Rubén de Dios1, Kavita Gadar1, Chris R Proctor1

  • 1Antimicrobial Innovations Centre, Division of Biosciences, Department of Life Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.

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Summary

Saccharin disrupts bacterial cell division and causes lysis, inhibiting growth and biofilm formation in various bacteria. This artificial sweetener shows potential as an antimicrobial agent, even in wound dressings.

Keywords:
Acinetobacter baumanniiAntimicrobialArtificial SweetenerBiofilmDNA Replication

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Biochemistry
  • Antimicrobial Research

Background:

  • Saccharin is a widely used artificial sweetener with known effects on the gut microbiome.
  • The precise mechanisms by which saccharin affects bacteria remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms of saccharin's antimicrobial activity.
  • To evaluate saccharin's potential as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated saccharin's effects on bacterial cell division, DNA synthesis, and cell envelope integrity.
  • Assessed saccharin's impact on bacterial motility and biofilm formation.
  • Tested saccharin's efficacy against established biofilms and its ability to re-sensitize multidrug-resistant bacteria to antibiotics.
  • Incorporated saccharin into a hydrogel wound dressing for in vitro and ex vivo evaluation.

Main Results:

  • Saccharin inhibits bacterial cell division, leading to filamentation and altered DNA synthesis.
  • Cell lysis is triggered by bulges forming from the cell envelope.
  • Saccharin inhibits growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, disrupting motility and biofilm formation.
  • Saccharin effectively disrupts pre-formed biofilms and re-sensitizes multidrug-resistant pathogens to antibiotics.
  • An effective hydrogel wound dressing incorporating saccharin was developed.

Conclusions:

  • Saccharin exhibits multifaceted antimicrobial properties by targeting fundamental bacterial processes.
  • Saccharin demonstrates significant potential as a versatile antimicrobial agent, including in wound care applications.