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Calcification of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells and Imaging of Aortic Calcification and Inflammation
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Association Between Medial Calcification and Chronic Thrombus: An Optical Frequency Domain Imaging Study

Hiroyuki Jinnouchi1, Kenichi Sakakura1, Masashi Hatori1

  • 1Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University, Saitama City, Saitama, Japan.

Catheterization and Cardiovascular Interventions : Official Journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions
|April 2, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Medial calcification is significantly linked to chronic thrombus in below the knee arteries of peripheral artery disease patients. This calcification is the primary cause of thrombus formation in these critical leg vessels.

Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Peripheral artery disease (PAD) commonly affects below the knee (BTK) arteries.
  • Medial calcification and chronic thrombus are frequent findings in BTK arteries in PAD.
  • The interrelationship between medial calcification and chronic thrombus in BTK arteries is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between chronic thrombus and medial calcification in BTK arteries of PAD patients.
  • To utilize optical frequency domain imaging (OFDI) for detailed analysis of vascular structures.
  • To identify factors contributing to chronic thrombus formation in this specific arterial segment.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of OFDI frames from BTK arteries in PAD patients undergoing endovascular therapy.
  • Quantification of medial calcification and chronic thrombus presence and characteristics.
  • Multivariate logistic regression to determine significant associations between OFDI findings and chronic thrombus.

Main Results:

  • Medial calcification (51%) and chronic thrombus (23%) were prevalent in analyzed BTK artery frames.
  • Medial calcification and its extent (degree of arc-quadrant) were significantly associated with chronic thrombus.
  • Medial calcification-related thrombus was the predominant cause (57%) of chronic thrombus, followed by lipidic atherosclerosis (35%).

Conclusions:

  • A significant association exists between medial calcification and chronic thrombus in BTK arteries.
  • Medial calcification is identified as the primary driver of chronic thrombus formation in these lesions.
  • A potential mechanism linking medial calcification to chronic thrombus induction in BTK arteries is proposed.
Abstract

Keywords:
calcificationmedial calcificationoptical frequent domain imagingperipheral artery diseasethrombus

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