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Related Concept Videos

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit01:20

Design Example: Capacitance Multiplier Circuit

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In integrated circuit technology, a capacitance multiplier is often utilized to produce a larger capacitance value when a small physical capacitance falls short. This is achieved by a circuit that multiplies capacitance values by a factor of up to 1000, such that a 10-pF capacitor can replicate the performance of a 100-nF capacitor.
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Design Example: Resistive Touchscreen01:14

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A device engineer plays a crucial role in designing user interfaces for mobile devices. One such interface is the resistive touchscreen, which fundamentally consists of two metallic layers: a flexible upper layer and a rigid lower layer, separated by a narrow gap. The high resistance between these two layers is a key characteristic of this design.
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Resistivity01:22

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A Time-Domain Multi-Channel Resistive-Sensor Interface IC With High Energy Efficiency and Wide Input Range.

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    This study introduces a 72-channel resistive-sensor interface integrated circuit (IC) using a novel time-domain approach. The IC achieves high resolution and energy efficiency for precise resistance measurements up to 10 MΩ.

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    Area of Science:

    • Integrated Circuit Design
    • Sensor Interfaces
    • Mixed-Signal Systems

    Background:

    • Resistive sensors are crucial in various applications, but their interface circuits often face limitations in resolution and power consumption.
    • Accurate and efficient conversion of analog sensor signals to digital values is essential for modern electronic systems.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present a novel 72-channel resistive-sensor interface integrated circuit (IC) designed for high resolution and energy efficiency.
    • To demonstrate a time-domain signal processing technique for direct resistance-to-time conversion.
    • To achieve a wide measurement range and low power consumption per channel.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed an IC with 8 sensor oscillator (S-OSC) units and a reference clock generator.
    • Utilized time-domain signal processing, converting sensor resistance values into pulse widths.
    • Employed oversampling with frequency dividers and time-to-digital converters (TDCs) for digital conversion.
    • Integrated a phase-locked loop (PLL) for energy-efficient TDC operation.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 9.3 bits at 310 pJ per channel, with a maximum achievable ENOB of 14.1 bits.
    • Extended measurement capabilities to 10 MΩ through the time-domain interface approach.
    • Fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS process, the IC consumes 15.07 µW per channel.
    • Attained a Walden figure of merit (FoM) of 0.48 pJ per conversion step and a Schreier FoM of 159.8 dB.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed time-domain interface IC offers a highly efficient and high-resolution solution for resistive sensor measurements.
    • The design demonstrates superior signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR) performance compared to the sensor oscillators' intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
    • The tunable division ratio (N) allows for flexible adjustment of ENOB, catering to diverse application requirements.