Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis01:24

Diagnosing Acidosis and Alkalosis

140
Diagnosing acid-base imbalances involves systematically analyzing arterial blood samples, focusing on three key measurements: pH, bicarbonate (HCO3−) concentration, and carbon dioxide partial pressure (PCO2). This analysis follows a four-step process that helps identify the imbalance's underlying cause and nature.
First, the pH level is assessed to determine whether the blood pH is normal (7.35–7.45), low (acidosis), or high (alkalosis).
Next, the PCO2  and...
140
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

128
The human body maintains a precise pH range of arterial blood between 7.35 and 7.45. Deviations result in either acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These conditions are further classified as respiratory or metabolic disorders based on their underlying cause.
Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis occurs due to an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide PCO2 in the blood. It often arises from shallow breathing or impaired gas exchange caused by...
128
Acid-Base Balance01:25

Acid-Base Balance

224
The human body maintains a narrow pH range regulated through acid-base balance. This balance is crucial as changes in the hydrogen ion concentration can disrupt cell membrane stability, alter protein structures, and change enzyme activities. The normal pH of arterial blood is 7.4, venous blood and interstitial fluid is 7.35, and intracellular fluid averages 7.0.
When the pH of arterial blood rises above 7.45, it results in a condition called alkalosis. Conversely, a drop below 7.35 leads to...
224
Acute Respiratory Failure-III01:30

Acute Respiratory Failure-III

147
Hypercapnic respiratory failure, also known as Type 2 or ventilatory respiratory failure, is a severe condition characterized by the body's inability to effectively remove carbon dioxide (CO2) from the bloodstream. It leads to an arterial CO2 pressure (PaCO2) exceeding 45 mmHg and a blood pH above 7.35. This situation indicates that the body's ventilatory demand, or the ventilation needed to maintain normal PaCO2 levels, surpasses its supply or the maximum gas flow achievable without...
147
Compensation Mechanisms01:28

Compensation Mechanisms

127
The human body employs intricate mechanisms to counteract changes in blood pH, preventing conditions like acidosis (pH < 7.35) and alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These compensatory responses aim to restore normal arterial blood pH by engaging respiratory or renal systems, depending on the source of the imbalance.
Respiratory Compensation
This mechanism addresses metabolic-induced pH imbalances by adjusting breathing rates. Respiratory compensation begins within minutes of detecting a pH...
127
Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer01:22

Bicarbonate-Carbonic Acid Buffer

477
The carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system is critical for maintaining the body's pH balance. It operates on the equilibrium:
477

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Metabolic Alkalosis.

Advances in kidney disease and health·2024
Same author

American Society of Nephrology Kidney Tutored Research and Education for Kidney Scholars (TREKS) Program: A 10-Year Interim Analysis.

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN·2024
Same author

The times they are K+-changin': bringing the potassium curriculum out of the 20th century.

Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension·2023
Same author

Acid Base Disorders in Cirrhosis.

Advances in kidney disease and health·2023
Same author

Feasibility of a Nephrology Faculty Peer Observation of Teaching Pilot Program.

Kidney360·2023
Same author

Understanding Hypercoagulability with Nephrotic Syndrome: How the Clot Thickens.

Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 17, 2025

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate
06:47

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate

Published on: December 12, 2015

25.0K

Metabolic Acidosis.

Keiko I Greenberg1, Stewart H Lecker2

  • 1MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC.

Advances in Kidney Disease and Health
|April 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolic acidosis, a common clinical disorder, arises when the kidney

Keywords:
Acid-base disordersAnion gap acidosisBoard reviewMetabolic acidosisRenal tubular acidosis

More Related Videos

An Optimized Protocol to Analyze Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in Lymphocytes
08:40

An Optimized Protocol to Analyze Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in Lymphocytes

Published on: November 21, 2016

29.6K
Analysis of Human Natural Killer Cell Metabolism
09:03

Analysis of Human Natural Killer Cell Metabolism

Published on: June 22, 2020

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 17, 2025

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate
06:47

Measurement and Analysis of Extracellular Acid Production to Determine Glycolytic Rate

Published on: December 12, 2015

25.0K
An Optimized Protocol to Analyze Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in Lymphocytes
08:40

An Optimized Protocol to Analyze Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration in Lymphocytes

Published on: November 21, 2016

29.6K
Analysis of Human Natural Killer Cell Metabolism
09:03

Analysis of Human Natural Killer Cell Metabolism

Published on: June 22, 2020

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Internal Medicine
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Metabolic acidosis is a prevalent clinical condition impacting acid-base balance.
  • Kidney function is crucial for maintaining homeostasis via proton excretion and bicarbonate regulation.
  • Disruptions in these renal mechanisms lead to metabolic acidosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a systematic approach for diagnosing metabolic acidosis.
  • To elucidate the underlying causes of metabolic acidosis.
  • To present key clinical scenarios for understanding metabolic acidosis.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of anion gap presence or absence as a primary diagnostic step.
  • Assessment of osmolal gap, urine pH, and serum potassium levels in specific contexts.
  • Comprehensive clinical review of metabolic acidosis etiologies.

Main Results:

  • The anion gap is a critical initial determinant for identifying the cause of metabolic acidosis.
  • Additional parameters like osmolal gap and urine pH aid in differential diagnosis.
  • Understanding these factors facilitates effective clinical management.

Conclusions:

  • A structured diagnostic strategy, starting with the anion gap, is essential for metabolic acidosis.
  • Integrated analysis of clinical data and laboratory values guides etiological determination.
  • This approach aids clinicians in managing diverse metabolic acidosis presentations.