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Related Concept Videos

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder01:26

Diseases of the Liver and Gallbladder

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Liver and gallbladder diseases are a significant health concern, with prominent conditions including cirrhosis, hepatitis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and gallstones. Jaundice is a common manifestation of liver and biliary disease.
Cirrhosis is characterized by the scarring of hepatic lobules in the liver, which are replaced by fibrous tissue, affecting the liver's normal functioning. NAFLD, on the other hand, is caused by an excessive build-up of fat in the liver, not...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
In the initial assessment, a thorough review of the patient's medical history is vital to identify risk factors such as liver disease, alcohol...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

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Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Other Disorders of Digestive System01:30

Other Disorders of Digestive System

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The gastrointestinal tract is susceptible to various disorders. If the lower esophageal sphincter is damaged, stomach acid can flow back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation of the lining. This condition is called gastroesophageal reflux disease (known as heartburn) and may cause chest pain and difficulty swallowing. In the stomach, prolonged use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs like aspirin, chronic alcohol consumption, bacterial infections such as Helicobacter...
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Acid Base Disorders in Cirrhosis.

Eric J Xu1, Ayaa M Zarm2, Stewart H Lecker1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.

Advances in Kidney Disease and Health
|September 1, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Metabolic and respiratory acid-base disorders are common in liver disease. Respiratory alkalosis is most frequent, while metabolic issues stem from altered metabolism or medications, impacting patient management.

Keywords:
CirrhosisHepatic encephalopathyMetabolic acidosisRespiratory alkalosisSubstrate induced diarrhea

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Metabolic and respiratory acid-base disorders frequently occur in patients with liver disease and cirrhosis.
  • Respiratory alkalosis is the most common acid-base disturbance, often linked to dyspnea or respiratory stimulation.
  • Primary metabolic disorders are less frequent but can arise from metabolic alterations or medications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the common acid-base disorders in liver disease and cirrhosis.
  • To differentiate the origins of respiratory versus metabolic acid-base disturbances.
  • To highlight the role of medications in precipitating metabolic disorders in these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on acid-base balance in liver disease.
  • Analysis of the physiological roles of the liver in pH regulation.
  • Identification of common medications contributing to acid-base disturbances.

Main Results:

  • Respiratory alkalosis is the predominant acid-base disorder in liver disease.
  • The liver is not a primary regulator of systemic pH.
  • Metabolic acid-base disorders are often secondary to altered metabolism or drug effects (e.g., diuretics, laxatives).

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the mechanisms of acid-base disorders is crucial for managing patients with liver disease.
  • Early recognition and management of these disorders can improve patient outcomes.
  • This knowledge aids clinicians in both inpatient and outpatient settings.