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Related Concept Videos

Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Renal Regulation of Acid-Base Balance01:29

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Metabolic reactions in the body produce nonvolatile acids, such as sulfuric acid, which generate an acid load of approximately 1 mEq of H+ per kilogram of body weight daily. Excreting H+ in the urine is essential to balance this acid load.
In the kidneys, cells within the proximal convoluted tubules (PCT) and the collecting ducts secrete hydrogen ions (H+) into the tubular fluid. Specifically, in the PCT, Na+/H+ antiporters secrete H+ while reabsorbing Na+.
However, the intercalated cells in...
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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External Anatomy of the Kidney01:21

External Anatomy of the Kidney

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The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped organs in the human body that play a critical role in maintaining overall health. They filter out waste products from the blood, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance, and stimulate the production of red blood cells.
The kidneys are located in the retroperitoneal space on either side of the vertebral column, protected posteriorly by the 11th and 12th ribs. The right kidney sits slightly lower than the left owing to the presence of the liver...
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Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney01:18

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Kidney

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The kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering and cleaning blood, removing waste products, and regulating electrolyte levels. To perform these essential functions, they require a constant and robust blood supply.
Bloody Supply to the Kidneys:
The kidneys receive their blood supply from the renal arteries, which branch off from the abdominal aorta—the main artery supplying the abdomen and lower body. The renal arteries enter the kidneys at the hilum, a notch on the medial side of...
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Renal Drug Excretion: Overview01:15

Renal Drug Excretion: Overview

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As primary excretory organs, the kidneys maintain homeostasis by removing waste substances from the bloodstream. They comprise over a million units called nephrons, which serve as the kidney's functional units.
A nephron consists of two primary structures: the renal corpuscle and the renal tubule. The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus, a network of capillaries where the first step of renal excretion, glomerular filtration, occurs. Blood pressure forces water, ions, and small molecules...
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Renovascular disease induces functionally relevant, locus-specific alterations to DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in swine scattered tubular-like cells.

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Updated: May 17, 2025

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography
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Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

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Onconephrology.

Sheron Latcha1, Victoria Gutgarts1, Belen Nunez Cespedes2

  • 1Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY.

Advances in Kidney Disease and Health
|April 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Onconephrology training addresses the care gap for cancer patients with kidney disease, often excluded from trials. Experts manage complex chemotherapy dosing and immunotherapy side effects in this vulnerable population.

Keywords:
Check point inhibitorLCCNMGRSOnco-nephrologyStem cell transplant

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nephrology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cancer are often excluded from clinical trials.
  • This exclusion creates a knowledge gap in managing cancer treatments for patients with reduced kidney function.
  • Oncologists require specialized expertise to navigate these challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the critical role of onconephrology in managing cancer patients with kidney disease.
  • To demonstrate how clinical data and expert experience inform decision-making in complex onconephrology scenarios.
  • To bridge the knowledge gap concerning cancer treatment in patients with impaired renal function.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common clinical scenarios in onconephrology.
  • Analysis of clinical data and expert observations.
  • Discussion of management strategies for chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy complications.

Main Results:

  • Onconephrologists provide essential expertise in dosing cytotoxic chemotherapies for patients with CKD.
  • Specialists are crucial for managing adverse events associated with novel targeted drugs and immunotherapies.
  • Collaboration in guideline development and future clinical trial design is vital.

Conclusions:

  • Subspecialized onconephrology training is essential for optimal cancer care in patients with kidney disease.
  • Onconephrologists play a key role in mitigating treatment toxicities and improving outcomes.
  • Further research and trial designs inclusive of CKD patients are needed.