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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 11, 2026

Optrode Array for Simultaneous Optogenetic Modulation and Electrical Neural Recording
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Millimetre-scale bioresorbable optoelectronic systems for electrotherapy.

Yamin Zhang1,2,3, Eric Rytkin4, Liangsong Zeng5,6

  • 1Center for Bio-Integrated Electronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA. ymzhang@nus.edu.sg.

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|April 2, 2025
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Summary

A new millimetre-scale bioresorbable optoelectronic pacemaker offers minimally invasive temporary cardiac pacing. This wireless, optically controlled system demonstrates effective pacing in various models and holds potential for broader electrotherapy applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices
  • Optoelectronics

Background:

  • Temporary pacemakers are crucial for managing bradycardia, particularly post-operatively.
  • Conventional pacemakers involve invasive surgeries with associated risks like infection and cardiac damage.
  • Existing systems face challenges with patient suitability (pediatric/adult) and device displacement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel, miniaturized, bioresorbable optoelectronic system for temporary cardiac pacing.
  • To demonstrate the feasibility of minimally invasive implantation and wireless optical control.
  • To explore the system's potential for broader electrotherapy applications beyond cardiac pacing.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a millimetre-scale, bioresorbable optoelectronic system with an integrated power supply.
  • Utilized wireless optical control for electrotherapy functions.
  • Tested implantation via percutaneous injection and endovascular delivery in various cardiac models (mouse, rat, porcine, canine, human).

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated effective temporary cardiac pacing in multiple preclinical and human cardiac models.
  • Achieved both single-site and multi-site pacing capabilities.
  • Enabled autonomous, closed-loop operation through pairing with a skin-interfaced wireless device for arrhythmia detection.

Conclusions:

  • The developed bioresorbable optoelectronic system offers a minimally invasive and effective solution for temporary cardiac pacing.
  • The technology facilitates wireless optical control and autonomous operation, reducing risks associated with conventional devices.
  • The platform technology shows promise for diverse electrotherapy applications, including nerve regeneration, wound healing, and pain management.