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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Updated: May 16, 2025

Mechano-Node-Pore Sensing: A Rapid, Label-Free Platform for Multi-Parameter Single-Cell Viscoelastic Measurements
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Nanodiamond-Based Spatial-Temporal Deformation Sensing for Cell Mechanics.

Yue Cui1,2, Weng-Hang Leong1,3, Guoli Zhu1

  • 1Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong 999077, China.

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|April 2, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

We developed a dynamic method to measure live cell mechanics with high precision. This technique reveals surface tension effects, improving our understanding of cell mechanical properties.

Keywords:
dynamic nonlocal deformationelastocapillary effectnitrogen-vacancy centers in nanodiamondoptically detected magnetic resonancespatial–temporal mechanical analysisviscoelasticity of cells

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Area of Science:

  • Nanoscale mechanical characterization
  • Biophysics
  • Cellular mechanobiology

Background:

  • Accurate nanoscale mechanical property assessment of soft biological tissues is vital for physiology, pathology, and drug development.
  • Conventional atomic force microscopy (AFM) indentation methods face limitations due to tip-sample interaction uncertainties and model dependency.
  • Existing techniques struggle with live systems due to resolution limits and difficulty distinguishing indentation effects from cellular activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a dynamic nonlocal deformation sensing approach for high-resolution mechanical analysis of live biological systems.
  • To overcome the limitations of conventional AFM methods in assessing live cell mechanics.
  • To investigate the role of surface tension in the mechanical response of live cells during AFM indentation.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a dynamic nonlocal deformation sensing approach with microsecond time-lag precision, nanometer vertical deformation precision, and subhundred nanometer lateral spatial resolution.
  • Employed oscillatory nanoindentation and spectroscopic analysis to differentiate indentation signals from noise.
  • Utilized a viscoelastic model incorporating surface tension for simultaneous quantification of viscoelasticity and capillarity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution for mechanical analysis of live cells.
  • Discovered a distance-dependent phase of surface deformation during indentation, revealing surface tension (capillarity) effects.
  • Demonstrated that neglecting surface tension in AFM analysis leads to underestimation of liquid-like properties and overestimation of the apparent viscoelastic modulus in cells.

Conclusions:

  • The dynamic nonlocal deformation sensing approach enables precise, real-time mechanical characterization of live cells.
  • Surface tension significantly influences the mechanical response of live cells, a factor often overlooked in conventional AFM studies.
  • This method opens new avenues for studying elastocapillarity phenomena and mechanobiology in live cellular systems.