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Smoking and lower extremity artery disease
Pier L Antignani1, Pavel Poredoš2, Aleš Blinc2,3
1Vascular Center, Nuova Villa Claudia, Rome, Italy - antignanipl@gmail.com.
Summary
Smoking significantly worsens lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) outcomes. Integrating smoking cessation interventions into LEAD management is crucial for improving patient health and reducing disease burden.
Area of Science:
- Vascular Medicine
- Cardiovascular Disease
- Public Health
Background:
- Cigarette smoking is a primary risk factor for lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD).
- Smoking accelerates LEAD progression, negatively impacts post-procedural results, and increases healthcare usage.
- Key mechanisms include endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, inflammation, and arterial stiffness.
Purpose of the Study:
- To emphasize the critical role of smoking cessation in managing patients with LEAD.
- To advocate for the integration of smoking cessation treatments into standard LEAD care.
- To highlight the potential of regulatory strategies in reducing tobacco use and LEAD prevalence.
Main Methods:
- This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on smoking's impact on LEAD.
- It examines the mechanisms by which smoking contributes to atherogenesis.
- The review discusses the importance and underutilization of smoking cessation interventions.
Main Results:
- Smoking is a major preventable risk factor for LEAD development and progression.
- Effective smoking cessation is mandatory for patients diagnosed with LEAD.
- Current smoking cessation interventions are underutilized in clinical practice.
Conclusions:
- Incorporating smoking cessation treatments is essential for the comprehensive medical management of LEAD.
- Regulatory approaches to curb tobacco use can significantly alleviate the burden of LEAD.
- Enhanced utilization of smoking cessation methods, including pharmacotherapy, is vital for patient outcomes.
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