Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Neurulation

Neurulation

Neurulation is the embryological process which forms the precursors of the central nervous system and occurs after gastrulation has established the three primary cell layers of the embryo: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. In humans, the majority of this system is formed via primary neurulation, in which the central portion of the ectoderm—originally appearing as a flat sheet of cells—folds upwards and inwards, sealing off to form a hollow neural tube. As development proceeds, the...

The Cochlea

The Cochlea

The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.

Auditory Pathway

Auditory Pathway

Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...

Hair Cells

Hair Cells

Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.

Anatomy of the Ear

Anatomy of the Ear

Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

GloBIAS: strengthening the foundations of bioimage analysis.

Nature methods·2026

Same author

Single-cell, clonal and spatial atlases of cranial placodes illuminate their specification and evolution.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Ribosomal modifications are associated with mesenchymal fate selection in the neural crest lineage.

Nature communications·2026

Same author

Single cell analysis of developing Merkel cells reveals the emergence of non-coding RNA biotypes as a hallmark of terminal differentiation.

Cell death and differentiation·2026

Same author

Sequence, structure, and affinity of miR-34a binding sites determine repression efficacy.

Nucleic acids research·2025

Same author

Cell atlas of the developing human meninges reveals a dura origin of meningioma.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same journal

A native sulfur deposit in Gale crater, Mars.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Coordinated demise of harmful algal blooms.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Genetic effects put into context.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Bacteria share proteins to survive antibiotics.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Impacts shaped Earth's first continents.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Erratum for the Report "Covalently bonded single-molecule junctions with stable and reversible photoswitched conductivity" by C. Jia <i>et al</i>.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 21, 2025

Culture of Embryonic Mouse Cochlear Explants and Gene Transfer by Electroporation

Culture of Embryonic Mouse Cochlear Explants and Gene Transfer by Electroporation

Published on: January 12, 2015

Ectoderm barcoding reveals neural and cochlear compartmentalization.

Sandra de Haan^1,2,3, Jingyan He¹, Agustin A Corbat¹

¹Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 3, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study traces vertebrate development using advanced lineage tracing in mice. Researchers identified distinct cell lineages from the neural crest and placodes, revealing early brain and inner ear organization.

More Related Videos

Gene Transfer into the Chicken Auditory Organ by In Ovo Micro-electroporation

Gene Transfer into the Chicken Auditory Organ by In Ovo Micro-electroporation

Published on: April 17, 2016

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

Published on: June 8, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 21, 2025

Culture of Embryonic Mouse Cochlear Explants and Gene Transfer by Electroporation

Culture of Embryonic Mouse Cochlear Explants and Gene Transfer by Electroporation

Published on: January 12, 2015

Gene Transfer into the Chicken Auditory Organ by In Ovo Micro-electroporation

Gene Transfer into the Chicken Auditory Organ by In Ovo Micro-electroporation

Published on: April 17, 2016

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

Neonatal Murine Cochlear Explant Technique as an In Vitro Screening Tool in Hearing Research

Published on: June 8, 2017

Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Neuroscience
Genetics

Background:

Vertebrate development relies on placodes and neural crest cells.
Understanding their precise lineage and differentiation is crucial for developmental biology and neuroscience.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the lineages of placodes and neural crest in mice.
To elucidate convergent differentiation pathways and identify distinct cell lineages.
To provide foundational insights into early nervous system and inner ear development.

Main Methods:

In utero nanoinjection at embryonic day 7.5 in mice.
Heritable DNA barcodes for lineage tracing.
High-throughput, next-generation single-cell lineage tracing.
Clonal analyses.

Main Results:

Successfully targeted ectoderm, including neural crest and placodes, for efficient manipulation.
Elucidated convergent differentiation pathways.
Identified distinct nervous system-, neural crest-, and otic placode-derived lineages.
Revealed early neural and cochlear compartmentalization.

Conclusions:

This study provides a high-resolution map of cell lineages during early vertebrate development.
Identified distinct progenitor-cell relationships for various cell types.
Offers foundational insights for neuroscience and developmental biology research.