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Investigating Measurement Equivalence of Smartphone Sensor-Based Assessments: Remote, Digital, Bring-Your-Own-Device

Lito Kriara1, Frank Dondelinger1, Luca Capezzuto1

  • 1F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.

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|April 3, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Smartphone sensor-based tests show measurement equivalence across different operating systems and devices. This supports the use of bring-your-own-device (BYOD) smartphone apps for remote functional impairment measurement in studies like Floodlight Open.

Keywords:
Floodlight Openautoimmune diseasebalancecognitiondevice equivalencedigital assessmentdigital biomarkerdigital healthequivalencegaithand motor functionmHealthmobile healthmobile phonemotormultiple sclerosissensorssmartphoneupper extremity functionvariabilitywearable electronic devices

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Area of Science:

  • Digital Health
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • Floodlight Open is a global, open-access, digital-only study.
  • It investigates the use of smartphone apps for measuring functional impairment in real-world settings.
  • The study focuses on understanding deployment and usage patterns.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the measurement equivalence of the Floodlight Open smartphone app.
  • To evaluate performance across different operating system (OS) platforms, OS versions, and device models.
  • To ensure reliable functional impairment data collection in a diverse user population.

Main Methods:

  • Enrolled adult participants with and without self-declared multiple sclerosis (MS).
  • Utilized the Floodlight Open app on a bring-your-own-device (BYOD) model.
  • Assessed measurement equivalence of 6 active smartphone sensor-based tests across OS platforms, versions, and device models, adjusting for age, sex, and MS status.

Main Results:

  • 1976 participants and 206 device models were analyzed.
  • Small differences (≤5%) in performance were observed for most tests across subgroups.
  • No statistically significant differences in measurement equivalence were found between OS platforms or versions, except for the Pinching Test (PT).
  • Significant differences were noted for the PT on 4 out of 17 device models.

Conclusions:

  • Smartphone sensor-based measurements demonstrate no systematic lack of measurement equivalence across various OS platforms, versions, and device models.
  • Results support the use of smartphone-based tests in BYOD research settings.
  • Further formal equivalence testing is recommended for robust validation.