Depression, anxiety, insomnia, and quality of life in hospitalized COVID-19 patients

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of anxiety, depression, and insomnia among hospitalized COVID-19 patients and explore factors associated with these conditions.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in a COVID-19 cohort ward between July 2020 and December 2022. Patients completed a questionnaire via telephone interview or Google Forms during their admission period.

From 2020 to 2022, 270 patients who were hospitalized with COVID-19 consented to participate. The prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and insomnia were 19.8%, 7%, and 6.7%. Preexisting psychiatric illness was associated with depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Patients with preexisting psychiatric illnesses tended to report low subjective depression scores. Factors associated with high subjective anxiety scores were hospitalization during the high disease prevalence period, a high level of education, and preexisting psychiatric illness. Patients with a substance abuse history tended to report low anxiety scores subjectively.

The rates of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among patients with COVID-19 in our study were lower than those in previous studies from the first year of the pandemic. Preexisting psychiatric illness was the major significant risk for depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Therefore, regular monitoring and early care for these patients are very important.