[Gender-specific differences in urological tumours]

Gender differences in medicine are playing an increasingly important role in diagnostic testing as well as therapy choices. Risk factors and mortality vary depending on gender. Diseases often manifest differently depending on gender. In diagnostic testing, gender-specific aspects need to be taken into consideration. For instance, bladder cancer diagnosis is often delayed in women compared to men as haematuria is frequently attributed to benign conditions like urinary tract infections. In therapy, decisive gender disparities should also be considered. To state an example, immune-checkpoint inhibitors have shown better response in men than in women when treating renal cell carcinoma. Furthermore, outcomes after treatment for urological tumours differ depending on gender.