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Gamete activation for fertilization and seed development in flowering plants
Wei Wang1, Hanxian Xiong2, Meng-Xiang Sun1
1State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China.
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Double fertilization is a defining feature of flowering plants, in which two male gametes (sperm cells) fuse with two female gametes (egg and central cell) to trigger embryogenesis and endosperm development. Gamete activation before fertilization is essential for the success of fertilization, while gamete activation after fertilization is the prerequisite for embryo and endosperm development. The two phases of activation are an associated and continuous process. In this review, we focus on current understanding of gamete activation both before and after fertilization in flowering plants, summarize and discuss the detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying gamete activation for fertilization or initiation of embryogenesis and endosperm development.
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