The role of plant-derived extracellular vesicles in ameliorating chronic diseases

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) have been shown to have a promising role in treating chronic illnesses. Plants secrete these vesicles containing bioactive chemicals such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and small metabolites. Because of their unique structure, PDEVs affect many biological processes, which makes them an ideal candidate for treating the complex pathophysiology of chronic diseases. Recent studies have shown that PDEVs have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) possess diverse therapeutic potential, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and regenerative properties. By regulating immune responses, scavenging free radicals, and promoting tissue repair, EVs can address various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disorders, neurological conditions, skin diseases, and inflammatory ailments. In preclinical models, PDEVs have been demonstrated to improve heart function and minimize the size of myocardial infarctions. In neurodegenerative illnesses, they can pass through the blood-brain barrier and deliver neuroprotective medicines to the brain. Furthermore, PDEVs have shown promise in enhancing insulin sensitivity and lowering hyperglycemia in diabetic animals. In this review article, we attempt to explain the diverse therapeutic potential of PDEVs in ameliorating chronic diseases.