Clinically Feasible Quantitative Assessments of Dynamic Scapular Motion: A Scoping Review

Area of Science:

• Biomechanics
• Sports Medicine
• Rehabilitation Science

Background:

• Scapular kinematics and stabilization are critical for effective upper extremity function.
• Scapular dyskinesis is linked to shoulder injuries like subacromial impingement and glenohumeral instability.
• Reliable clinical assessment tools for dynamic scapular motion are currently limited.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically identify and summarize quantitative methods for assessing active dynamic scapular motion in clinical settings.
• To identify existing tools, technologies, and protocols used for scapular motion assessment.
• To highlight research gaps in the clinical evaluation of dynamic scapular movement.

Main Methods:

• A scoping review systematically searched PubMed, CINAHL, and SPORTDiscus databases.
• Included studies used clinically feasible methods to assess scapular motion in at least one plane, capturing continuous or multi-positional dynamic movement.
• Data extracted included instrument types, measurement protocols, assessed motions, and reliability/validity findings.

Main Results:

• Digital inclinometers were the most common tools, followed by gravity inclinometers and measuring tapes.
• Scapular upward rotation was the most frequently assessed motion, often in static or basic dynamic tasks.
• Tool validity showed moderate to strong correlations, but reliability was inconsistent, especially for dynamic assessments.

Conclusions:

• Existing clinical methods for dynamic scapular motion assessment have limitations in reliability and capturing functional movements.
• Further development of tools is needed to assess multi-planar, functional scapular motion during dynamic activities.
• Improved assessment tools will enhance clinical decision-making for shoulder injury prevention and rehabilitation.