Assessment of chemical composition of AOC agricultural rum from Martinique

Agricultural rum, a sugarcane juice spirit, is produced in Martinique under the French AOC label, ensuring compliance with strict quality and origin standards. This study investigates the chemical composition of four aged agricultural rum (ESB, VO, VSOP, XO), using physicochemical (color, dry extract) and analytical techniques (GC-FID, GC-MS, HPLC-DAD). Phenolic compounds and volatile organic compounds were quantified and evaluated. Results revealed a progressive enrichment in wood-derived compounds including syringaldehyde and vanillin, as well as esters, which contribute to aroma complexity during aging. Phenolic content showed a positive correlation with aging time, although antioxidant activity was lower in the oldest XO rum. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) effectively distinguished the rums based on chemical composition, with XO exhibiting the most distinct profile. This comprehensive chemical fingerprint provides valuable data for quality control, authentication, and sensory prediction, supporting both producers and regulatory authorities in preserving the unique characteristics of agricultural rum from Martinique.